Thin layer plasters.
This type of plaster is one of the integral elements of the bonded wall thermal insulation system, the so-called wet (light) thermal insulation method or seamless insulation system.
Thin-layer plasters can be used both indoors and outdoors (open masonry).
When hardening, such plaster forms a light and thin layer on the wall surface, while having a sufficiently high mechanical strength, wear resistance and decorative appeal.
Thin-layer plasters can have a different color, having a fairly uniform structure. In such mixtures, the coloring pigment up to
added in the factory. Due to the richness of colors and shades, high resistance to fading, this type of plaster allows you to effectively clad exterior walls, giving the facade a unique decorative texture. You can also correct the color scheme of the plaster yourself by adding a special pigment to its composition, but it is very difficult to maintain the same shade when preparing different portions of the plaster solution. Currently, thin-layer plaster is produced with a grain size of 1 to 6 mm.
This parameter indicates exactly what thickness the plaster layer can be laid. As a rule, it is recommended to perform work using this type of plaster at outdoor temperatures above 50C, but some types of plaster, due to the use of special additives in their production, can also be used at outdoor temperatures close to 00C. In addition, special chemicals can be added to the plaster composition that can effectively resist the formation of algae, mold or fungus. There are also such thin-layer plasters, which contain special microfibers that prevent the formation of cracks. In some cases, finely ground tras (volcanic rock) is added to dry plaster mixtures at the factory, which minimizes the risk of efflorescence on the surface of the plaster layer, and in addition significantly increases its resistance to the harmful effects of moisture. Thin-layer plasters can be used not only for applying to walls that have been insulated using the bonded thermal insulation method, but also for decorating exterior walls covered with visually less attractive types of decorative plasters, such as heat-saving or cement-lime. Thin-layer plasters, depending on the components included in their composition, are divided into several types. Thin-layer mineral plasters are a dry mixture containing white cement, before using which it must be mixed with the required volume of water. Microfibers are introduced into the composition of some mineral thin-layer plasters, giving it a higher resistance to deformation and mechanical damage. In addition, there are also such plasters on sale, to which a complex of special hydrophobic substances has been added to increase its resistance to moisture. These plasters are called mineral-polymer. It should be noted that mineral plasters are among the cheapest thin-layer plasters on the construction market, while their consumption can range from 1.5 to 4.5 kg/m2/mm.
The main features of thin-layer mineral plasters include:
• low elasticity,
• high level of vapor permeability,
• difficulty in keeping clean,
• more modest, in comparison with other types of thin-layer plasters, colors,
• relatively low price.
Acrylic thin-layer plasters are plaster masses with a thick pasty consistency. They are sold ready to use in special buckets. Such plaster is immediately ready for application to the surface, after a little (usually by hand) mixing. The basis for the production of this type of plaster are acrylic resins. The composition of some acrylic plasters can be enriched with special substances that reduce the likelihood of static electricity on its surface (antistatic), prevent the formation of fungus and mold (antifungal), etc. Currently, such facade plasters are also offered, in which silicone (acrylic) is added – silicone plasters), which greatly increase its vapor permeability. Basically, the consumption of acrylic plasters is in the range from 1.5 to 4 kg / m2 / mm.
The main features of acrylic facade plasters are:
• high resistance to mechanical damage,
• good elasticity,
• ease of keeping clean, ease of maintenance of the wall,
• saturated colors,
• colors are highly resistant to fading,
• low rates of vapor permeability,
• do not require mixing with water, completely ready for use,
• Under unfavorable operating conditions, the walls (lack of air circulation and high humidity) quickly become overgrown with algae and mold.
Silicate plasters (sometimes they can be called flint) are ready-to-use plaster mass.
The composition of this plaster includes liquid potassium glass and a number of plasticizers that facilitate its application. We pay special attention to the fact that in the process of working with this type of putty, an alkaline reaction takes place, so you should definitely take care of eye and skin protection (goggles and gloves). Some manufacturers offer an improved low-alkaline variety of silicate plaster – thin-layer polysilicate (polysilicic) plaster. Usually, silicone resins are additionally added to the composition of these plasters. Such plasters have excellent elasticity, and also have high resistance to various adverse atmospheric factors, such as sudden changes in temperature, acid rain, exposure to low or high temperatures, direct sunlight. Silicate plasters are easy to apply to the surface, they are much easier to work with. One of the significant disadvantages of this type of plaster is the low resistance to biological corrosion. As a rule, the consumption of silicate plasters is in the range from 2.1 to 4 kg/m2/mm.
The following features of thin-layer silicate plasters should be highlighted:
• vapor permeability,
• high resistance to damage,
• simplicity and ease of keeping the facade clean,
• a huge range of colors,
• do not require mixing with water and are completely ready for use,
• require special care and accuracy when working (caustic),
• require certain qualifications from performers and vast experience in application,
• as long as the plaster solution remains alkaline (environment) is highly resistant to the appearance and development of algae, fungus and mold,
• in the process of applying to the wall, it is rather difficult to obtain a smooth, uniform surface of the entire facade of the house. Silicone plasters are made on the basis of a connecting element – silicone. This type of plaster combines all the advantages of acrylic and mineral plasters.
Silicone plasters are produced in the form of a ready-made mass, packed in special buckets. As a rule, the consumption of such plasters is from 1.7 to 2.4 kg/m2/mm.
Among the main features of silicone plasters it is worth noting:
• high vapor permeability,
• sufficient resistance to any mechanical damage,
• wide range of colors,
• do not require preparation, completely ready for use,
• ease of use (do not create any problems when applied to the wall),
• ease of cleaning the surface of the facade and keeping it clean.
Mosaic plasters, like most thin-layer plasters, are a thick mass of paste-like consistency, completely ready for use. Acrylic resins are used as a binder. In addition, mosaic plaster in its composition contains a number of mineral fillers that look like small grains, usually of different colors. When applying such plaster to the wall, a visually attractive smooth multi-colored surface is obtained. This type of plaster is primarily intended for decorative finishing of the basement parts of buildings. Some manufacturers enrich mosaic plaster with special antifungal additives. Basically, the consumption of this type of plaster is from 2 to 3 kg / m2 / mm.
Features of mosaic plasters are:
• very high resistance to mechanical damage,
• a huge range of colors,
• lack of vapor permeability (since this plaster is applied to small sections of the wall, this, in principle, does not matter much),
• excellent cleaning, easy to keep the wall clean,
• does not require cooking, completely ready to use,
• ease of application to the wall, easy to use, does not require special skills. With the help of thin-layer plasters (with the exception of mosaic), you can give the surface of the facade of the house almost any texture, make the wall unique with an inimitable appearance.
Currently, plasters of the following textures are on sale: smooth, voluminous (lamb), rubbed (bark beetle) and scraped (scratched). Different manufacturers of construction chemicals use different names for their products, so before choosing a particular plaster, it is best to carefully read the company catalog of this manufacturer. The consumption of the plaster mixture, depending on its texture and grain size, can be from 1.2 to 4 kg/m2/mm. In addition, it is necessary to carefully read the information on the packaging regarding its covering ability.
It is worth noting that all plaster masses, with the exception of mosaic and acrylic, must be additionally covered with a layer of facade paint, the color of which should be as close as possible to the color of the plaster itself. In no case should painting be abandoned if cheap mineral plasters are used, which do not contain special water-repellent additives. A layer of paint on the facade will help you give it not only uniformity, but also additionally protect the walls of the building from pollution. The painted facade absorbs dust and dirt less and is much easier to clean. When choosing the color of the facade, one rule should be followed – do not choose too dark colors for the walls of houses that have an insulation system.
This is due to the fact that such a facade will heat up rather quickly, which will lead to an increase in internal stresses in the individual layers of the insulation system, and as a result, the appearance of cracks in the plaster layer. Heat-saving plaster mixes. As it sounds not strange, but with the help of a competently and properly selected plaster solution, you can not only decorate the facade, but also significantly improve its thermal insulation parameters, reduce heat losses of the whole house. These plaster compositions, which can improve the thermal characteristics of the walls, are called heat-saving.
They are especially recommended for use when finishing houses that have nothing but insulated single-layer walls. In addition, this plaster can be used in the repair of old houses that require the restoration of the existing one or the installation of additional thermal insulation of the walls. Heat-saving plaster mixtures are produced on the basis of a modified mixture of cement-lime plaster with the addition of polystyrene foam balls or finely ground perlite (a rock of volcanic origin). Thanks to these fillers, it became possible to increase the thermal insulation properties of plaster mixtures, reduce its thermal conductivity (the thermal conductivity coefficient is in the range from 0.07 to 0.15 W / (m * K)).
So, for example, a conventional cement-lime plaster mixture has a thermal conductivity of about 0.8 W / (m * K). Heat-saving plaster should be applied in a layer of about 8-10 cm on a pre-laid layer of plaster and reinforced with a special fiberglass mesh. It is allowed to lay this plaster directly on the wall surface, but only in the case when the wall was laid in a full seam. The use of heat-saving plasters for plastering foundation or basement walls, the basement is highly undesirable, since they have insufficient resistance to various kinds of mechanical damage.
As a rule, the consumption of this type of plaster is approximately 11 kg/m2/cm.
The features of heat-saving plasters include:
• the ability to effectively hide small irregularities and wall defects, as they are applied in a thick layer,
• the ability to increase the thermal insulation parameters of external walls by several percent,
• high level of vapor permeability,
• compared to traditional plaster mixtures, its hiding power is at least 35% higher,
• low resistance to accidental mechanical damage,
• after being applied to the wall, it has an unpresentable appearance, therefore, it requires additional finishing with a layer of decorative facade plaster.
We wish you successful construction.