Ne odin dom, iz kakogo by on ideal’nogo stroitel’nogo materiala ne byl, by vozveden, domom ne budet nazyvat’sya, poka nad nim ne budet kryshi. Prochnaya i nadezhnaya krovlya yavlyayetsya neot”yemlemym atributom uyutnogo i komfortnogo doma. Chem zhe luchshe vsego pokryt’ krovlyu? Kakoy krovel’nyy material luchshe? Rassmotrim, kakiye zhe sovremennyye krovel’nyye materialy v nastoyashcheye vremya predstavleny na stroitel’nom rynke. CHEREPITSA. Keramicheskuyu cherepitsu proizvodyat iz glinyanoy massy i vyzhigayut v spetsial’nykh formakh v pechi pri vysokiy temperature (okolo 1000°C). V nekotorykh sluchayakh dlya luchshey gidroizolyatsii cherepitsu obespechivayut glazirovannoy zashchitnoy plenkoy, kotoruyu nanosyat na poverkhnost’ pered obzhigom. Gotovaya cherepitsa imeyet ves boleye 2 kg i razmer ot 30kh30 sm. Srok ekspluatatsii kachestvennoy cherepitsy bez neobkhodimosti v provedenii remontnykh rabot svyshe 100 — 150 let. Stoimost’ keramicheskoy cherepitsy sostavlyayet v predelakh $20-50 za m2. Khot’ cherepitsa i imeyet dostatochno vysokuyu tsenu, no za svoi den’gi Vy poluchayete kachestvennyy ekologicheski chistyy morozostoykiy material, kotoryy ne podvergayetsya korrozii, ne gorit i obespechivayet vysokuyu vneshnyuyu shumoizolyatsiyu. Ekspluatatsionnyye zatraty cherepitsy prakticheski svodyatsya k nulyu: yezhegodno neobkhodimo provodit’ ochistku zhelobov, provodit’ reviziyu primykaniy i prostoy melkiy lokal’nyy remont. K minusam keramicheskoy cherepitsy mozhno otnesti razve, chto bol’shoy yeyo ves (neobkhodimo vozvodit’ moshchnuyu stropil’nuyu konstruktsiyu, chto vlechet k udorozhaniyu konstruktsii) i dovol’no vysokuyu khrupkost’. Tsementno-peschanuyu cherepitsu pri proizvodstve ne obzhigayut, tsementno-peschanyy rastvor skhvatyvayetsya pod vysokim davleniyem. Dannuyu cherepitsu proizvodyat profil’noy i ploskoy, s glazurnym pokrytiyem i bez nego. Tsementno-peschanaya cherepitsa v protsesse dolgoy ekspluatatsii sposobna tol’ko nabirayet prochnost’, ne teryaya svoikh tekhnicheskikh svoystv. Ona imeyet vysokuyu stoykost’ k morozam, razlichnym agressivnym sredam i pryamomu solnechnomu izlucheniyu, imeyet bol’shuyu tsvetnuyu palitru, chem keramicheskaya. Ona pochti v 2 raza deshevle keramicheskoy ($10 — 20 za m2). K osnovnym nedostatkam tsementno-peschanoy cherepitsy otnosyat yeyo bol’shuyu massu, chem keramicheskoy, i khrupkost’: pri nepravil’nom transportirovanii mozhet byt’ bol’shoye kolichestvo loma (do 10%). Bitumnuyu cherepitsu proizvodyat iz steklovolokna, tsellyulozy, poliesteru: ikh nanosyat spetsial’nym obrazom na bitumnuyu plitku i sverkhu pokryvayut spetsial’nym veshchestvom dlya okrashivaniya v neobkhodimyy tsvet. Bitumnaya cherepitsa yavlyayetsya nadezhnyy krovel’nyy material: plast bitumno-rezinovogo pokrytiya pod vliyaniyem pryamykh solnechnykh luchey prevrashchayetsya v sploshnoy krovel’nyy kover. Dannyy vid cherepitsy ochen’ plastichnyy i mozhet povtorit’ prakticheski lyubuyu geometriyu krovel’noy konstruktsii kryshi. Bitumnaya cherepitsa imeyet nevysokuyu tsenu, primerno $8 — 10 za 1 m2. Ona otlichno transportiruyetsya, ne lomayetsya pri perevozke i montazhe, ne podverzhena gniyeniyu i korrozii, prakticheski besshumna vo vremya razlichnykh atmosfernykh osadkov, pozvolyayet nedorogo i bystro obnovlyat’ kryshu. Bitumnuyu cherepitsu udobno ispol’zovat’ pri provedenii rekonstruktsiy starykh krysh iz lyubogo vida bitumnykh materialov ili krovel’nogo zheleza. Novyy sloy (kover) kladetsya pryamo na staryy podgotovlennyy material. Nedostatkami dannogo materiala yavlyayetsya yego vysokiy klass goryuchesti (G3), a takzhe vysokaya sklonnost’ k vytsvetaniyu na solntse i otsutstviye vozmozhnosti proizvodit’ montazh zimoy. Vdobavok, dannyy material schitayut ne takim «statusnym», kak natural’nuyu krovlyu. Srok sluzhby bitumnoy cherepitsy sostavlyayet 30 — 50 let. Asbestotsementnyye plity (shifer) predstavlyayut soboy tsementnyy kompozitsionnyy material, ukreplennym spetsial’nym asbestovym voloknom. Ves odnogo kvadratnogo metra takoy krovli sostavlyayet priblizitel’no 10 — 15 kg. Oriyentirovochnaya rynochnaya stoimost’ asbestotsementnykh plit — ot $2-3/m2. Oni dovol’no krepkiye i udobnyye v rabote (otlichno rezhutsya «bolgarkoy»). No minusov vse — taki bol’she: shifer khrupkiy, ne vlagostoykiy, vneshne neprivlekatel’nyy, na nem so vremenem poyavlyayutsya gribki i mkhi. V kontse kontsov, asbest yavlyayetsya vrednym dlya cheloveka, poetomu yego starayutsya ispol’zovat’ v osnovnom pri vozvedenii khozyaystvennykh postroyek (sarayev, khoz. blokov, letnikh kukhon’) ili obustroystve zaborov i izgorodey. Srok sluzhby asbestotsementnykh plit sostavlyayet 30 — 40 let.
Ещё
4 273 / 5 000
Результаты перевода
Not one house, no matter what ideal building material it is, would be built, will not be called a house until there is a roof over it. A strong and reliable roof is an essential attribute of a cozy and comfortable home. What is the best way to cover the roof? What is the best roofing material?
Consider what modern roofing materials are currently on the construction market.
TILE.
Ceramic tiles are made from clay and fired in special molds in a kiln at a high temperature (about 1000°C). In some cases, for better waterproofing, tiles are provided with a glazed protective film, which is applied to the surface before firing. The finished tile has a weight of more than 2 kg and a size of 30×30 cm. The service life of a high-quality tile without the need for repair work is over 100 – 150 years. The cost of ceramic tiles is in the range of $20-50 per m2.
Although the tile has a rather high price, but for your money you get a high-quality environmentally friendly frost-resistant material that does not corrode, does not burn and provides high external sound insulation. The operating costs of shingles are practically reduced to zero: it is necessary to clean the gutters every year, audit the joints and simple minor local repairs. The disadvantages of ceramic tiles can only be attributed to its large weight (it is necessary to build a powerful truss structure, which leads to an increase in the cost of the structure) and rather high fragility.
Cement-sand tiles are not fired during production, the cement-sand mortar sets under high pressure. This tile is produced profile and flat, with and without glaze coating.
Cement-sand tiles in the process of long-term operation can only gain strength without losing their technical properties. It has a high resistance to frost, various aggressive environments and direct sunlight, has a larger color palette than ceramic. It is almost 2 times cheaper than ceramic ($ 10 – 20 per m2).
The main disadvantages of cement-sand tiles include its greater mass than ceramic, and fragility: if transported incorrectly, there can be a large amount of scrap (up to 10%). Bituminous tiles are made from fiberglass, cellulose, polyester: they are applied in a special way to bituminous tiles and coated with a special substance on top for painting in the desired color. Bituminous tiles are a reliable roofing material: under the influence of direct sunlight, a layer of bitumen-rubber coating turns into a continuous roofing carpet.
This type of tile is very flexible and can repeat almost any geometry of the roof structure. Bituminous tiles have a low price, about $ 8 – 10 per 1 m2. It is perfectly transported, does not break during transportation and installation, is not subject to rotting and corrosion, is practically silent during various atmospheric precipitations, and allows you to inexpensively and quickly update the roof.
It is convenient to use bituminous tiles during the reconstruction of old roofs from any kind of bituminous materials or roofing iron.
The new layer (carpet) is placed directly on the old prepared material. The disadvantages of this material are its high flammability class (G3), as well as a high tendency to fade in the sun and the inability to install in winter. In addition, this material is considered not as “status” as a natural roof. The service life of bituminous tiles is 30 – 50 years.
Asbestos-cement slabs (slate) are a cement composite material reinforced with a special asbestos fiber. The weight of one square meter of such a roof is approximately 10 – 15 kg. Estimated market value of asbestos-cement slabs is from $2-3/m2. They are quite strong and easy to use (they are perfectly cut with a grinder). But there are still more minuses: slate is fragile, not moisture resistant, outwardly unattractive, fungi and mosses appear on it over time. In the end, asbestos is harmful to humans, so they try to use it mainly in the construction of outbuildings (sheds, utility blocks, summer kitchens) or the arrangement of fences and hedges. The service life of asbestos-cement slabs is 30-40 years.
METAL ROOFING.
Decking is the simplest type of roofing material, which is galvanized steel sheets. In order to increase the strength characteristics, the corrugated board is produced corrugated or profiled. It is mainly used for the roof of commercial and industrial buildings – gazebos, sheds, sheds, utility rooms, etc. One of the positive qualities of corrugated board is its impeccable durability, quick and easy installation, high bending strength. The disadvantages of corrugated roofing are poor sound insulation, during rains under such a roof you can hear every drop. The market value of this material, to a large extent, depends on the height of the profile and is presented from $10 per m2.
The service life of a roof covered with corrugated board is no more than 50 years.
One of the varieties of corrugated board is a metal tile.
The bearing part of the metal tile is a galvanized steel sheet, the decorative and protective layers of which are made of a polymer coating. It is similar to a ceramic metal tile only in appearance: in fact, its design does not consist of individual tiles, but is a solid steel sheet with textured corrugation. Its current market value is approximately $7-15/m2. It is light (from 3-5 kg/m2), durable, quite fast during installation, easy to transport and resistant to mechanical influences. Its main disadvantages include poor sound insulation (noise during hail or rain), as well as a large amount of waste during installation.
Service life of a metal tile to be ranging from 30 to 50 years.
Seam roofing is metal sheets (aluminum, copper, steel) interconnected by a special lock. On such roofs, water can easily drain, even at small angles of inclination. This material is very widespread: it is used for arranging the roof, both in private houses and in industrial buildings and even in churches. The cost of a steel galvanized seam roof is about $5 – 7 per 1 m2, copper or aluminum – already from $30 per 1 m2. This roof does not support combustion and does not contribute to its spread, it is quite flexible and light (4 – 5 kg / m2), it allows roofing work even at low (minus) temperatures. Among the disadvantages of seam roofing is its low impact resistance and the need for serious insulation. The service life of a folded roof is at least 50 years.
BITUMEN SLATE.
Bituminous slate in the common people is called “flexible” slate. It is a corrugated sheet, which is formed from cellulose fibers, impregnated with bitumen and treated with special special resins, pigments and mineral additives. The production of bituminous slate (in particular, cellulose) takes place at high temperature under excessive pressure, which can significantly increase its strength characteristics and water resistance. Currently, the average market price of this roofing material, depending on the manufacturer, is in the range of $ 5 – 6 per 1 m2.
The weight of bituminous slate is much less than conventional or metal tiles, and is only 3 – 5 kg / m2. It is easy to use: sufficient flexibility along the wave allows it to be used on roofs with a curved profile. This roofing material also has its drawbacks: it has low frost resistance (no more than 25 cycles), burns well, quickly fades in the sun, in some cases it can be “led” from the scorching sun. The service life of bituminous slate is 15 – 25 years.
SLATE ROOFING.
Slate roofs are more characteristic of European palaces and castles of the Middle Ages: they cover the Louvre, Buckingham Palace, the residence of the German Chancellor and many other famous buildings. This material is made from natural slate. It is strong, elastic, it can be drilled, stabbed, cut. Since in its structure the material is devoid of internal capillaries, the slate absolutely does not absorb moisture. Slate roofs are highly resistant to temperature extremes, to ultraviolet radiation, they have excellent sound and heat insulation properties. The service life of a slate roof is 150-200 years.
We hope that our short review will allow you to decide on the choice of a decent roof for your reliable and comfortable home.