Proizvodstvo tsementa razdelyayut na sleduyushchiye etapy: Dobyvaniye syr’ya. Podgotovka smesi syr’ya, kotoroye sostoit iz drobleniya, pomola syr’ya i gomogenizatsiya. Obzhig smesi syr’yevoy. Pomol gotovogo produkta obzhiga (klinker), v poroshok tonkoy konsistentsii. Polucheniye portlandtsementa proizvoditsya dvumya sposobami, mokrym i sukhim. Mokryy sposob podrazumevayet pod soboy razmol v mel’nitse, drobleniye i pogruzheniye v basseyn. Zatem razmeshivayut i nemnogo izmel’chayut, zatem v vide napolovinu zhidkoy massy pomeshchayut yeyo vo vrashchayushchuyusya pech’ diametrom ne boleye 7 metrov i dlinnoy primerno metrov 200. Shlam techot navstrechu goryashchim pechnym gazam, pri sgoranii smes’ vysykhayet i udalyayutsya ot uglekisloty – eto i yest’ polucheniye klinkera (vyglyadit v vide serykh nozdrevatykh sharikov). Posle klinker rezko okhlazhdayetsya ot 1300 °S do 150 °S. Posle ostyvaniya klinker prokhodit izmel’cheniye s dobavleniyem gipsa (okolo 6%), tak proiskhodit polucheniye tsementa. Sukhoy sposob, v kotorym skoreye vsego budushcheye vsego proizvodstva tsementa. Takoy sposob v osnovnom otlichayetsya tem, chto pri podache syr’ya v pechi navstrechu goryashchim gazam podayut ne shlam, a izmel’chonnoye v poroshok syr’yo. Pod syr’yom ponimayut glinu, shlaki, izvestnyak. Pri takom sposobe proiskhodit ekonomiya syr’ya. Ne trebuyetsya ispareniye vody v otlichiye ot mokrogo sposoba, sootvetstvenno nuzhno men’sheye kolichestvo topliva. Sostav klinkera i portlandtsementa otlichayetsya, v klinker pri pomole dobavlyayut gips dlya zamedleniya tverdeniya i uluchsheniya drugikh svoystv. V obshchey masse gotovogo produkta gipsa dolzhno byt’ ot 1,5 do 4% po normativam. Krome etogo dopuskayetsya v sostave portlandtsementa drugikh dobavok do 15%, v tom chisle aktivnyye mineral’nyye dobavki ili granulirovannyy domennyy shlak. Portlandtsementy razdelyayut na portlandtsementy s mineral’nymi dobavkami i bystrotverdeyushchiye tsementy. Ikh ispol’zuyut v zavisimosti ot oblasti primeneniya tsementa. Naprimer, polucheniya kislotoupornogo betona, morozoustoychivogo, ili ogneupornykh marok betonov. Dlya opredeleniya maksimal’noy prochnosti posleduyushchego betona primenyat ponyatiye marka. K primeru, marka 400 v laboratornykh usloviyakh pri ispytanii probnogo obraztsa kuba s gran’yu 100 mm., pri pomeshchenii pod press vyderzhit nagruzku do 400 ku/sm². Naiboleye populyarnymi markami yest’ marki ot 350 do 500. Osnovnaya massa tsementov imeyet svoystva bystrogo tverdeniya. Pervonachal’noye tverdeniye proiskhodit v pervyye 50-60 minut posle primeneniya. Konechnoye tverdeniye proiskhodit posle 12 chasov ot nachala primeneniya. Polnoye tverdeniye u vsekh rastvorov proiskhodit na 28 ye sutki. Podrobneye svoystva i oblasti primeneniye tsementov ikh fizicheskiye i mekhanicheskiye svoystva rassmotrim v sleduyushchikh materialakh. Priobresti tsement mozhno u nas. Zhelayem vsem nashim kliyentam uspeshnogo stroitel’stva.
Ещё
2 710 / 5 000
Результаты перевода
Cement production is divided into the following stages:
Extraction of raw materials.
Preparation of a mixture of raw materials, which consists of crushing, grinding raw materials and homogenization.
Firing the mixture of raw materials.
Grinding the finished product of firing (clinker), into powder of fine consistency.
Portland cement is produced in two ways, wet and dry.
The wet method involves grinding in a mill, crushing and immersion in a pool. Then it is stirred and crushed a little, then, in the form of a half-liquid mass, it is placed in a rotating kiln with a diameter of no more than 7 meters and a length of about 200 meters. looks like gray porous balls). After the clinker is rapidly cooled from 1300 °C to 150 °C. After cooling, the clinker is crushed with the addition of gypsum (about 6%), so cement is obtained.
The dry process is the most likely future of all cement production. This method is mainly distinguished by the fact that when raw materials are fed into the furnace, not sludge is fed towards the burning gases, but raw materials crushed into powder. Under the raw materials understand clay, slag, limestone. With this method, raw materials are saved. No evaporation of water is required, unlike the wet method, and therefore less fuel is needed.
The composition of clinker and Portland cement is different; gypsum is added to the clinker during grinding to slow down hardening and improve other properties. In the total mass of the finished product, gypsum should be from 1.5 to 4% according to the standards. In addition, up to 15% of other additives are allowed in Portland cement, including active mineral additives or granulated blast-furnace slag.
Portland cements are divided into Portland cements with mineral additives and quick-hardening cements. They are used depending on the application of cement. For example, obtaining acid-resistant concrete, frost-resistant, or refractory grades of concrete. To determine the maximum strength of subsequent concrete, the concept of brand will be used. For example, brand 400 in laboratory conditions, when testing a test sample of a cube with a face of 100 mm, when placed under a press, will withstand a load of up to 400 ku / cm². The most popular stamps are stamps from 350 to 500.
The bulk of cements have fast hardening properties. Initial hardening occurs in the first 50-60 minutes after application. Final hardening occurs after 12 hours from the start of application. Complete hardening of all solutions occurs on the 28th day.
More properties and areas of application of cements, their physical and mechanical properties will be considered in the following materials. You can buy cement from us.
We wish all our customers successful construction.